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Accounting - Three Major Areas

 

There are three main functional areas in accounting, which have to be considered in modern-day accounting for any business. The three are financial, price and management accounting.

 

 

The first space, namely monetary accounting, is primarily helpful for ascertaining the outcomes of the business on a periodical foundation; for instance, one year. This will help to determine the long run course of action within the lengthy term. In economical phrases, financial accounting treats money as a factor of production.

 

 

Cost and administration accounting are instruments to enable administration to take choices on a day-to-day basis. Cost and administration accounting will not be helpful for their own sake. These two functions assist administration in the conduct of the enterprise along with different key factors concerned in running of the business. Key factors could possibly be demand, supply, competition, availability of raw materials, logistics etc.

 

 

The second area, namely cost accounting, seeks to determine the value of direct prices and indirect prices concerned in production . From this worth, administration can make an informed determination regarding the improvement of production performance. In financial terms, cost accounting is a measure of financial performance. This information offers management a clear indication of economic performance of the production resources of the business.

 

 

Costing also helps the sales manager in setting prices. However since costing is a measure of economic efficiency, it cannot be considered as a completely accurate foundation for setting prices. This is because selling prices are more of an financial decision. It might not be amiss to mention right here that costs rely basically on market factors. Costs rely more on demand, supply and competition and less on costs. For instance, high demand coupled with lack of competition would mean that business could cost higher costs for its products, well above the costs.

 

 

The third area, namely management accounting, is carefully interrelated with costing accounting. Though it has advanced from price accounting, management accounting has a broader function to play in management decisions. It measures financial performance of the business enterprise as a whole, vis-a-vis the financial setting in which the business operates. This perform of accounting seeks to mix the monetary and price data in a broader aspect.

 

 

Finally, management accounting is instrumental in helping and advising management in making vital enterprise decisions. It makes administration aware of the financial implications and consequences of their decisions. In financial terms, it implies a detailed research of money as an economic resource, while simultaneously treating it as a measure of economic performance. This enables administration to measure it as an financial factor of production, e.g. the rate of return on capital employed.

 

 

It's thus seen that accounting has a distinct role to play in three completely different areas, which are equally vital. With the advent of computerised accounting, it has become very simple for administration to monitor the accounting data on the guidelines of its fingers. Financial accounting programs enable financial statements and varied price and MIS statements to be produced almost instantly at push of a button. Now, only the laborious part of accounting is data entry. Financial managers should ensure that significant data is enter into the system to produce meaningful information. Proper categorisation must be performed and keying errors prevented at all costs, making certain providing accurate monetary info to management.

 

 

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